Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using peels of Passiflora foetida and study of its activity as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of hazardous organic dye

Abstract Creating a sustainable and effective approach to handling organic contaminants from industrial waste is an ongoing problem. In the present study, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized under controlled ultrasound cavitation technique using extract of Passiflora foetida fruit peels, which act as reducing (i.e., reduction metal salt) stabilizing agent. The formation monodispersed hexagonal morphology (average size approximately 58 nm with BET surface area 30.83m 2 /g). NPs characterized by various such UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Dynamic light scattering (DLS). Further, XRD pattern confirmed wurtzite structure ZnONPs. exhibit excellent degradation efficiency towards pollutant dyes, i.e., Methylene blue (MB) (93.25% removal) Rhodamine B (91.06% in 70 min, natural sunlight apparent rate constant 0.0337 min ?1 ( R = 0.9749) 0.0347 0.9026) respectively.Zeta potential study shows presence negative charge on NPs. use green good choice for wastewater treatment, given their high reusability photocatalytic efficiency, along adaptability synthesis.